I keep VMs and videos on my FreeNAS, and haven't had any issues with those. Triggering the bug requires that the file doesn't have any extended attributes, and a request to list the file's extended attributes arrives while the file is open. I think that only certain apps are issuing those requests. Finder, Lightroom and Spotlight Search all seem to spam the directory with those requests (maybe polling for file changes or during thumbnail generation) but (for example) VirtualBox only seems to issue them before it opens the files, never during use.
I would only expect a financial file to end up truncated if you were to browse to the file's directory in Finder while the app was in the process of loading or saving. The time window where it could happen is short due to the smaller size of the file involved compared to a RAW file (and hence faster load/save times). If it happened during loading, most likely the app would just complain that the file was corrupt and not open it, leaving it untouched on disk where it would open perfectly on your next attempt. If it happened during saving, it's possible that the app would report the failure to save and allow you to retry, since it likely looks the same to the app as the disk filling up or detaching partway through writing.
iTunes music is probably virtually immune to corruption on disk, because I doubt it modifies the music files that frequently.
Some files have extended attributes and so were immune to the bug. For example, files downloaded by a web browser have a "quarantine" flag added by Mac OS which generates the "this app was downloaded from the internet, are you sure you want to open it?" dialog box. None of my Lightroom raws had extended attributes, though. You can run "xattr -l *" in a directory to list all the files which have extended attributes.